Big Oil bets on biofuels with more than 40 projects planned by turn of decade

Under increasing pressure to decarbonize and shift away from traditional fossil fuels, the world’s leading oil and gas companies are ramping up investments in the biofuels sector.

Major players such as BP, Chevron, Shell, Total Energies, ExxonMobil and Eni are incorporating biofuels into their broader energy transition strategies, recognizing the growing global demand for sustainable fuel sources.

According to Rystad Energy’s research, these six oil majors have announced a total of 43 biofuel projects that are either already operational or are targeted to start up by 2030.

While investments span various biofuel products, including biodiesel and ethanol, the focus is clearly on hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), which are expected to make up nearly 90 percent of the projected biofuel production.

Analyzing the implementation of these investments, which could add a combined 260,000 barrels (10.92 million gallons) per day (bpd) of production capacity, reveals that 31 projects are greenfield developments.

Six involve coprocessing—integrating bio feedstock into existing crude-oil refineries to produce a blended feedstock—while another six are full conversions of refineries to facilities dedicated exclusively to biofuel production.

Coprocessing stands out as a cost-effective option that allows companies to leverage existing infrastructure and reduce upfront investment, making it an appealing choice for oil majors entering the biofuels market.

“Supermajors are accelerating investments in biofuels like HVO and SAF, recognizing their potential as low-carbon drop-in fuels that can be swiftly integrated into existing aviation, heavy transport and marine fuel systems,” said Lars Klesse, a bioenergy research analyst with Rystad Energy. “As the energy transition progresses, these biofuels offer a practical, near-term solution to reduce emissions without requiring significant changes to current infrastructure. With increasing regulatory pressure to adopt SAF, such as Europe’s ReFuel EU initiative and expanding mandates in Asia Pacific, biofuels have shifted from being a potential option to becoming an essential component of decarbonization strategies.”

The 43 biofuel projects announced by oil majors signal promising developments in the industry.

Chevron’s Geismar project, the largest of the 31 greenfield initiatives, is set to produce 22,000 bpd of biofuel, marking a significant addition to global capacity.

Additionally, Chevron’s El Segundo refinery, the largest in coprocessing capacity, converted a diesel hydrotreating unit last year into a 10,000 bpd renewable facility.

Eni’s Gela refinery, the largest refinery conversion, is also significantly increasing the production of sustainable fuels.

This project will have a production capacity of 16,000 bpd of HVO and SAF, a potential gamechanger in meeting rising demand for biofuels in the near future.

Among the leading companies, BP stands out with the largest announced production capacity in its pipeline, reaching a combined 104,000 bpd of ethanol and HVO/SAF capacity and positioning BP as a global frontrunner in the bioenergy space.

Other oil majors, including Chevron, Eni, Shell, Total Energies and ExxonMobil, are also making significant strides, particularly in the advanced biofuels sector, although many of these projects are still in development.

BP and Chevron hold significant positions in operational capacity.

BP’s acquisition of Bunge Bioenergia, a leading Brazilian biofuel producer, has substantially increased its production capacity to approximately 66,000 bpd.

The acquisition has enabled BP to exceed its 2025 milestone of 50,000 bpd and positions the company to achieve its biofuel target of 100,000 bpd by 2030.

Additionally, Chevron’s purchase of Renewable Energy Group and Eni’s operational advanced biofuel capacity of 22,000 bpd, driven by both coprocessing and conversion projects, further solidify their positions in the expanding biofuels market.

Total Energies has also outlined aggressive biofuel targets, aiming to use waste biomass for 75 percent of its biofuel production by the end of 2024.

To achieve this, the French integrated energy and petroleum company plans to prioritize waste and residues from the food industry, such as used oils and animal fats, to avoid land-use conflicts.

Meanwhile, ExxonMobil is gearing up to start biofuel production at its Strathcona Refinery next year, with an initial capacity of 20,000 bpd.

The company also plans to launch 12 additional biofuel projects to help it reach its goal of 200,000 bpd by 2030.

As oil majors shift to lower-carbon energy, there is a clear trend toward advanced biofuels, particularly HVO and SAF, with companies scaling up production to meet rising demand from the aviation and heavy transport sectors.

Despite some project delays, biofuels are seeing a significant increase in investment and innovation as 2030 decarbonization targets loom and the market for fossil-fuel alternatives grows.